Preface xiii --
Introduction: A Political Supreme Court 1 --
Constitutional Interpretation and Political Choice 2 --
A Changing Judiciary 3 --

Appointment Politics, 1968-1986 6 --
Appointment Politics, 1986-1994 11 --
Key Terms 20 --
Queries 20 --
Selected Readings on Federal Judicial Appointments 20 --
Selected Readings on the Supreme Court 21 --
Selected Biographies 23 --
Chapter 1 Jurisdiction and Organization of the Federal Courts 27 --
The Judicial Power 27 --
Supreme Court Decision Making 34 --
Source Materials --
37 Reading a Supreme Court Decision 39 --
Key Terms 41 --
Queries 41 --
Selected Readings 42 --
Chapter 2 The Constitution, the Supreme Court, and Judicial Review 43 --
Granting and Limiting Power 43 --
The Doctrine of Judicial Review 45 --
Approaches to Constitutional Interpretation 50 --
Judging Self-Judged 52 --
Entering the "Political Thicket" 53 --
Judicial Review-A Distinctively American Contribution 55 --
Key Terms 56 --
Queries 56 --
Selected Readings 56 --
Unstaged Debate of 1788: Robert Yates v. Alexander Hamilton 58 --
Marbury v. Madison (1803) 62 --
Eakin v. Raub (1825) 65 --
Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) 68 --
parte McCardle (1869) 71 --
Baker v. Carr (1962) 72 --
Reynolds v. Sims (1964) 76 --
Ex Davis v. Bandemer (1986) 80 --
Missouri v. Jenkins (1990) 85 --
Unstaged Debate on the Finality of Supreme Court Decisions: Andrew Jackson, Abraham Lincoln, and Arkansas v. the Supreme Court 89 --
Unstaged Debate of 1986: Judge Bork v. Professor Tribe --
92 Chapter 3 Congress, the Court, and the President 95 --
Separation of Powers 95 --
The Congress 97 --
The President 100 --
Foreign and Defense Policy 104 --
Key Terms 108 --
Queries 108 --
Selected Readings 109 --
Watkins v. United States (1957) 110 --
Barenblatt v. United States (1959) 112 --
Immigration and Naturalization Service v. Chadha (1983) 115 --
Mistretta v. United States (1989) 118 --
Ex parte Milligan (1866) 125 --
Missouri v. Holland (1920), 128 --
United States v. Curtiss-Wright (1936) 129 --
Korematsu v. United States (1944) 131 --
Youngstown Co. v. Sawyer (1952) 135 --
United States v. United States District Court (1972) 140 --
United States v. Nixon (1974) 143 --
Nixon v. Fitzgerald (1982) 146 --
Morrison v. Olson (1988) 149 --
War Powers Resolution (1973) 153 --
Dellums v. Bush (1990) 155 --
Chapter 4 Federalism 160 --
Sources of Contention 160 --
Nature of National Authority 162 --
Concepts of Federalism 163 --
Contemporary Federalism 167 --
The Tenth Amendment Resuscitated? 170 --
Key Terms 172 --
Queries 173 --
Selected Readings 173 --
Chisholm v. Georgia (1793) 174 --
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) 177 --
Cohens v. Virginia (1821) 182 --
Texas v. White (1869) 187 --
New York v. United States (1946) 190 --
National League of Cities v. Usery (1976) 192 --
Pacific Gas & Electric Co. v. Energy Resources Conservation and Development Commission (1983) 196 --
Garcia v. San Antonio Metropolitan Transit Authority (1985) 199 --
New York v. United States (1992) 203 --
Chapter 5 Commerce Power and State Power 206 --
Views of the Framers 206 --
The Marshall Doctrine 208 --
The Doctrine of the Taney Court 210 --
Commerce Power and State Action: 1865-1890 211 --
State Legislation and the Commerce Power Since 1890 212 --
A Continuing Judicial Role 216 --
Key Terms 216 --
Queries 217 --
Selected Readings 217 --
Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) 218 --
Cooley v. Board of Wardens (1851) 223 --
Leisy v. Hardin (1890) 225 --
Southern Pacific Co. v. Arizona (1945) 227 --
Philadelphia v. New Jersey (1978) 230 --
Reeves, Inc. v. Stake (1980) 233 --
Congressional Power Under the Commerce Clause 237 --
Chapter 6 The Need for National Action 237 --
Judicial Choices in Constitutional Interpretation 238 --
The New Deal in Court 239 --
The Court-Packing Threat 242 --
The National View of Commerce 245 --
Key Terms 247 --
Queries 248 --
Selected Readings 248 --
United States v. E. C. Knight Ca (1895) 249 --
Champion v. Ames (1903) 251 --
Hammer Dagenhart (1918) 253 --
Stafford v. Wallace (1922) 256 --
Carter v. Carter Coal Co. (1936) 257 --
National Labor Relations Board v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corporation (1937) 261 --
United States v. Darby (1941) 264 --
Wickand v. Filburn (1942) 266 --
Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States; Katzenbach v. McClung (1964) 268 --
National League of Cities v. Usery (1976) 270 --
Garcia v. San Antonio Metropolitan Transit Authority (1985) 270 --
National Taxing and Spending Power 271 --
Chapter 7 Limitations Through Interpretation 272 --
Direct and Indirect Taxes 273 --
Regulation Through Taxation 274 --
Key Terms 277 --
Queries 278 --
Selected Readings 278 --
Hylton v. United States (1796) 279 --
Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Company (1895) 280 --
McCray v. United States (1904) 284 --
United States v. Butler (1936) 285 --
Steward Machine Co. v. Davis (1937) 288 --
New York v. United States (1946) 290 --
South Dakota v, Dole (1987) 291 --
Chapter 8 Property Rights, the Contract Clause, and the Development of Due Process 294 --
The Doctrine of Vested Rights 295 --
The Expansion of the Contract Clause 296 --
Development of the Police Power 298 --
The Origins of Due Process 299 --
Judicial Restraint and the Fourteenth Amendment 300 --
The Fourteenth Amendment Judicially Amended 302 --
Measuring the Immeasurable 303 --
The Brandeis Brief 305 --
The Decline of Substantive Due Process 306 --
The Search for a Role: The Carolene Products Footnote 307 --
Takings, Land Use, and the Fifth Amendment 308 --
The "New Property" and Due Process of Law 309 --
Key Terms 312 --
Queries 312 --
Selected Readings 313 --
Calder v. Bull 314 --
Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1937) 317 --
Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge (1837) 320 --
Home Building & Loan Association v. Blaisdell (1934) 323 --
Slaughterhouse Cases (1873) 326 --
Munn v. Illinois (1877) 331 --
Unstaged Debate of 1893: Justice Brewer v. Professor Thayer 334 --
Lochner v. New York (1905) 338 --
Nebbia v. New York (1934) 340 --
West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish (1937) 342 --
Ferguson v. Skrupa (1963) 345 --
Nollan v. California Coastal Commission (1987) 346 --
Pacific Mutual Life Insurance Co. v. Haslip (1991) 350 --
Criminal Justice and the Nationalization of the Bill of Rights 357 --
Chapter 9 The Bill of Rights 358 --
The Argument for Incorporation 359 --
The Double Standard-State and Federal Criminal Justice 361 --
Criminal Justice Today-Fourth Amendment Issues 363 --
Fifth and Sixth Amendment Issues 373 --
Eighth Amendment Issues 376 --
A New Double Standard 379 --
Key Terms 380 Queries 380 --
Selected Readings 381 --
I. Drive for a Bill of Rights 382 --
Jefferson-Madison Correspondence, 1787-1789 382 --
II. Nationalization of the Bill of Rights 385 --
Palko v. Connecticut (1937) 385 --
Adamson v. California (1947) 386 --
Duncan v. Louisiana (1968) 388 --
III. The Exclusionary Rule 392 --
Mapp v. Ohio (1961) 392 --
United States v. Leon (1984) 393 --
IV. Searches and Seizures 398 --
Olmstead v. United States (1928) 398 --
Katz v. United States (1967) 401 --
United States v. United States District Court (1972) 404 --
Terry v. Ohio (1968) 405 --
Chimel v. California (1969) 407 --
United States v. Robinson (1973) 409 --
Arkansas v. Sanders (1979) 411 --
California v. Acevedo (1991) 414 --
Skinner v. Railway Labor Executives' Association (1989) 418 --
V. Right to Counsel and Self-Incrimination 423 --
Powell v. Alabama (1932) 423 --
Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) 426 --
Miranda v. Arizona (1966) 428 --
Rhode Island v. Innis (1980) 431 --
VI. Capital Punishment 434 --
Gregg v. Georgia (1976) 434 --
McCleskey v. Kemp (1987) 438 --
Freedom of Expression 443 --
Chapter 10 The Nationalization of the First Amendment 443 --
The Tests of Freedom 444 --
Internal Security 445 --
Speech and Assembly: The Right to Protest 448 --
Freedom of Association 452 --
The Electoral Process 453 --
Freedom of the Press 455 --
Are There Preferred Freedoms? 459 --
Key Terms 460 --
Queries 460 --
Selected Readings 461 --
I. Internal Security 462 --
Schenck v. United States (1919) 462 --
Gitlow v. New York (1925) 463 --
Whitney v. California (1927) 465 --
Dennis v. United States (1951) 468 --
II. Protest and Symbolic Speech 472 --
Brandenburg v. Ohio (1969) 472 --
United States v. O'Brien (1968) 475 --
Texas v. Johnson (1989) 478 --
R. A. V. v. St. Paul (1992) 483 --
Wisconsin v. Mitchell (1993) 486 --
III. The Electoral Process 489 --
Rutan v. Republican Party of Illinois (1990) 489 --
IV. Freedom of the Press 494 --
New York Times Company v. Sullivan (1964) 494 --
New York Times Company v. United States (1971) 497 --
Branzburg v. Hayes (1972) 502 --
Miller v. California (1973) 505 --
Chapter 11 Religious Liberty 509 --
Competing Visions 509 --
The Establishment Clause 511 --
The Free Exercise Clause 515 --
Free Exercise Versus Nonestablishment 518 --
Key Terms 519 --
Queries 519 --
Selected Readings 519 --
The Flag-Salute Cases 521 --
Minersville School Districts. Gobitis (1940) 521 --
Justice Frankfurter to Justice Stone, May 27, 1940: A Qualified Ples for Judicial Self-Restraint 525 --
West Virginia State Board of Education v. Bernette (1943) 527 --
Sherbert v. Verner (1963) 529 --
School District of Abington Township v. Schempp (1963) 532 --
Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971) 536 --
Wallace v. Jaffree (1985) 540 --
Employment Division v. Smith (1990) 545 --
Zobrest v. Catalina Foothills School District (1993) 550 --
Chapter 12 Privacy 555 --
Dimensions of Privacy 555 --
Private Law and Public Law Beginnings 556 --
Constitutional Penumbras 558 --
Abortion 559 --
A Developing Concept 563 --
Key Terms 565 --
Queries 565 --
Selected Readings 566 --
Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) 567 --
Roe v. Wade (1973) 571 --
Webster v. Reproductive Health Services (1989) 576 --
Rust v. Sullivan (1991) 582 --
Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey (1992) 587 --
Bowers v. Hardwick (1986) 592 --
Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Public Health (1990) 596 --
Chapter 13 Equal Protection of the Laws 603 --
"Separate but Equal" 604 --
Voting 609 --
Gender, Alienage, and the "New" Equal Protection 612 --
State Action, Equal Access, and Congressional Protection of Civil Rights 616 --
Affirmative Action 620 --
Key Terms 624 --
Queries 624 ---
Selected Readings 625 --
Civil Rights Cases (1883) 626 --
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) 629 --
Korematsu v. United States (1944) 631 --
Brown v. Board of Education (First Case) (1954) 632 --
Bolling v. Sharpe (1954) 634 --
Brown v. Board of Education (Second Case) (1955) 635 --
Milliken v. Bradley (1974) 636
Shapiro v. Thompson (1969) 639 --
Moose Lodge v. Irvis (1972) 641 --
San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez (1973) 644 --
Cleburne v. Cleburne Living Center (1985) 648 --
Frontiero v. Richardson (1973) 651 --
Craig v. Boren (1976) 654 --
Mississippi University for Women v. Hogan (1982) 656 --
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978) 659 --
Richmond v. J. A. Croson Co. (1989) 664 --
Shaw v. Reno (1993) 669 --
Appendix 677 --
The Constitution of the United States of America 677 --
Table 1: Justices of the Supreme Court 690 --
Table 2: Presidents and Justices 693 --
Index of Cases 699 --
Index of Justices 708 --
Noteworthy Decisions: 1994-1995 711 --
United States v. Lopez (1995) 712 --
U.S. Term Limits, Inc. v. Thornton (1995) 716.