000			17569nam a22002417a 4500
005			20230831153009.0
008			s2006 eng d
020			_a0199290415
040			_aNALT
041			_aeng
050			_aKD35.G7.1 L68C 2006
100	0		_aLoveland, Ian
245	1	0	_aConstitutional law, administrative law, and human rights : a critical introduction [4th]
260	3		_aOxford : _bOxford University Press, _c2006
300			_a832 p. ; _b25 cm.
505	0		_aPreface to the fourth edition -- About the online resource centre -- Table of legislation -- Table of treaties and conventions -- List of cases -- I DEFINING THE CONSTITUTION? -- I. The meaning(s) of 'democracy"? -- II. The first 'modern' constitution? -- The problem - majoritarianism -- The solutions - representative government, federalism, -- separation of powers, and supra-legislative 'fundamental' rights -- Conclusion -- 2 PARLIAMENTARY SOVEREIGNTY -- Pre-1688-natural or divine law 201 -- The Diceyan (or orthodox) theory doll -- The political source of parliamentary sovereignty the 'Glorious Revolution -- 1. Legal authority for the principle of parliamentary sovereignty-- Substance or procedure? The enrolled bill rule -- The doctrine of implied repeal Inconsistency with international law -- II. Entrenching legislation - challenges to the orthodox position -- Jennings' critique and the 'rule of recognition' -- Is parliamentary sovereignty a British or English concept? -- Women's enfranchisement Conclusion -- 3 THE RULE OF LAW AND THE SEPARATION OF POWERS -- I. The Diceyan perspective: the rule of law in the pre-welfare state-- Entick v Carrington Dicey's rule of law - process or substance? -- The 'independence of the judiciary' -- II. The rule of law in the welfare state -- Hayek - the road to serfdom -- ๋jones - the rule of law in the welfare stae -- III. Judicial regulation of government behaviour: the -- constitutional rationale -- IV. Principles of statutory interpretation -- Liversidge v Anderson -- R v IRC, ex p Rossminster Ltd -- Conclusion -- V. Stare decision -- VI. Parliamentary sovereignty --v the rule of law Ouster clauses - Gilmore and Anisminic -- VII. Retrospective law-making -- Retrospectivity in legislation - the War Damage Act 1965 -- Retrospectivity at common law? Rape within marriage -- Conclusion -- 4 THE ROYAL PREROGATIVE -- The source of prerogative powers -- Post 1688- the revolutionary settlement -- 1 The relationship between statute, the prerogative and the rule of law I. A-G v De Keyser's Royal Hotel Ltd -- Fitzgerald v Muldoon -- Laker Airways Ltd v Department of Trade -- R v Secretary of State for the Home Department, ex p Fire Brigades Union -- II The traditional perspective on judicial review of prerogative powers: and its erosion -- Developments in the 1960s and 1970s -- III. Full reviewability - the GCHQ case-- IV. Post-GCHQ developments -- R v Secretary of State for the Home Department, ex p Northumbria -- Police Authority (1988) -- Foreign affairs? -- Excluded categories: a shrinking list? -- V. 'Justiciability' revisited - are all statutory powers subject to full review? -- Conclusion -- 5 THE HOUSE OF COMMONS -- Crown and Commons - the original intent and the subsequent rise of 'party' politics -- The fusion of powers, the rise of the party system and Cabinet dominance of the Commons -- Setting the context -- The sources of the Commons' procedural rules -- Resources -- II. The passage of legislation -- The second reading -- Standing committees -- Report and third reading -- Conclusion -- Private members' Bills -- Private Bills -- Hybrid Bills -- Delegated legislation -- 'Henry VIII clauses' -- Conclusion -- III. Controlling the executive -- Motions on the floor of the house -- Emergency debates and adjournment debates -- Questions to Ministers -- Prime Ministerial accountability on the floor of the house -- Early Day Motions -- Questions for written answerpolatedostogos -- Informal processes -- The departmental select committee system bobs -- Conclusion -- 6 THE HOUSE OF LORDS -- I Bicameral legislatures: a functionalist justification ATM The historical background -- Co-equality to complementarity: a conventional change-- Lloyd George and the 'People's Budget' -- The Parliament Act 1911 -- The Salisbury Doctrine and the Parliament Act 1949 -- II. The House of Lords in the modern era -- Life Peerages -- The 1968 reforms -- The 1974-1979 Parliament -- The House of Lords and the Thatcher governments -- III. The work of the House of Lords today -- Deliberation -- Revision of legislation -- Control of delegated legislation -- Scrutiny of the executive -- IV. The 1999 reforms -- The 'reformed' House of Lords -- The recommendations of the Wakeham Commission -- The 2001 White Paper -- One Parliament or three: Jackson v Attorney-General -- Conclusion -- 7 THE ELECTORAL SYSTEM -- The evolution of a 'democratic' electoral system? I-- . The Great Reform Act 1832 -- Chartism and the pursuit of a 'democratic' electoral system -- The 1867-1884 reforms: towards a universal 'right' to vote and a 'fair' electoral contest -- Gender discrimination: women's right to vote -- Conclusion -- II The contemporary electoral process -- Apportionment - drawing constituency boundaries -- The contents and conduct of election campaigns -- Counting the vote -- Conclusion -- 8 PARLIAMENTARY PRIVILEGE -- Article of the Bill of Rights 1689 -- I The admission, retention and expulsion of members -- Ashby v White revisited -- Paty's Case -- John Wilkes -- Charles Bradlaugh dabro to a -- Freedom from imprisonment, arrest and molestation -- II. The principle of informed consent? -- III. The justiciability of 'proceedings in parliament' -- Actions in defamation -- What are 'proceedings in Parliament'? -- 'Redefining Parliament' - Pepper v Hart -- IV. 'Contempt' of the House -- The 1967 report of the Privileges Committee -- The regulation of MPs' ethical standards -- V. The Register of Members' Interests -- 'Cash for questions' and the report of the Nolan Commission -- The Defamation Act 1996 s 13 and the Hamilton libel actions -- Conclusion -- 9 CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTIONS -- The Diceyan perspective - laws and conventions distinguished -- The functions and sources of conventions Collective ministerial responsibility-- I. Confidence -- Unanimity -- Confidentiality-- II. The Monarch -- The Australian crisis of 1975 -- III. Collective ministerial responsibility revisited: from Cabinet to Prime Ministerial government...? -- ... and back again? -- IV. Individual ministerial responsibility -- Issues of competence E-- rrors of judgment -- Issues of morality -- Reforming the executive: 1 - the Parliamentary Commissioner -- for Administration -- Reforming the executive: 2- 'Next Steps' and privatisation -- V. Can conventions become laws? 2: patriating the Canadian Constitution -- Patriating the Canadian Constitution -- VI. From ministerial responsibility to ministerial accountability? The Matrix-Churchill controversy -- Conclusion - the conventional basis of parliamentary sovereignty? -- 10 LOCAL GOVERNMENT 1: CONVENTIONAL PLURALISM? -- I. Localism, tradition and the 'modernisation' of local government -- The Municipal Corporations Act 1835 -- II. Local government's constitutional status in the early twentieth century law and convention -- The physical boundaries of local authorities -- III. Taxation and representation: the fiscal autonomy of local government -- IV. The role of the judiciary -- V. Council housing -- VI. Education -- The emergence of comprehensive education -- Conclusion -- 11 LOCAL GOVERNMENT -- 2: LEGAL AUTHORITARIANISM? -- 'Authoritarian populism' - the ideological agenda of the Thatcher governments - I. Financial 'reform' 1: Grant penalties and ratecapping Ratecapping -- II. Collective politics and individual rights: the judicial role -- 'Fares Fair': Bromley London Borough Council v Greater London Council -- Wheeler v Leicester City Council -- R v Lewisham London Borough Council, ex p Shell UK Ltd -- Section 17 of the Local Government Act 1988 -- III. Institutional and ideological reform -- The abolition of the GLC and the metropolitan counties -- IV. Privatising local government -- The Widdicombe Report -- Housing-individuated and collective privatisation -- The management of state schools -- V. Financial 'reform' 2: The Community Chargeveland -- A step too far? The demise of the poll tax -- Conclusion -- VI. The Blair government's reforms -- The Local Government Acts 1999 and 2000 -- The governance of London -- Conclusion- from ambivalence to intolerance? -- 12 THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY 1957-1986 -- I. The Treaty of Rome -- 1: Founding principles -- The types of EEC law and law-making processes -- The status of EC law within the legal systems of the Member States -- Questions of accessibility 1: the 'direct effect' of Treaty articles -- Questions of hierarchy 1: the 'precedence' or 'supremacy' of Treaty articles over domestic legislation -- Laws, conventions and 'ultimate political facts': the 'empty chair crisis' and the Luxembourg Accords -- Questions of accessibility and hierarchy 2: The direct effect and -- precedence of decisions, regulations and directives -- Member State judicial reaction to the direct effect and precedence of -- EEC law -- Conclusion U -- II. nited Kingdom accession -- EEC membership and parliamentary sovereignty: the legislators' views - and their votes -- The European Communities Act 1972 - the passage -- The European Communities Act 1972 - the terms -- Parliamentary sovereignty: a non-justiciable concept? -- The 1975 referendum -- III. The Treaty of Rome 2: precedence and direct effect revisited -- Confirming the direct effect of directives -- The horizontal direct effect of Treaty articles - Walrave v Kochi T The justiciability test and the horizontal direct effect principle reaffirmed and expanded - Defrenne v SABENA -- Immediate precedence: Simmenthal -- Effet utile before the Conseil D'Etat: the Cohn-Bendit controversy -- IV. EEC Law, parliamentary sovereignty and the UK courts: phase one -- The end of the doctrine of implied repeal? Macarthys v Smith -- A matter of interpretation? Garland v British Rail Engineering Ltd -- V. Direct effect - the saga continues Con -- The horizontal and vertical direct effect of directives? Marshall v -- Southampton and South West Hampshire Area Health Authority -- Making sense of Marshall? The emergence of 'indirect effect' loggent -- An analytical overview: 'normative' and 'decisional' supra-nationalism -- The reduction of the 'democratic deficit' and the emergence of human -- rights as general principles of EEC law Conclusion -- 13 THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY AFTER THE SINGLE EUROPEAN ACT -- I. The Single European Act the terms -- Reducing the democratic deficit - Treaty amendment -- Domestic disquiet: Margaret Thatcher's Bruges speech -- II. Normative supra-nationalism - the ECJ continues -- The 'indirect effect' of directives - continued -- Reducing the democratic deficit: judicial initiatives -- III. EC Law, parliamentary sovereignty and the UK courts: phase two -- Duke v GEC Reliance Ltd -- Pickstone v Freemans -- Litster v Forth Dry Dock and Engineering Co Ltd -- Pickstone and Litster - usurping the legislative function? -- IV. The end of parliamentary sovereignty: Or its reappearance? -- The demise of the legal doctrine? Factortame -- The reappearance of the political doctrine? Monetary union, collective ministerial responsibility and the fall of Margaret Thatcher -- V. The Francovich remedy Francovich -- VI. Maastricht and Amsterdam -- The terms of the Maastricht Treaty -- The ratification and incorporation of the Maastricht Treaty -- The Treaty of Amsterdam Conclusion -- 14 SUBSTANTIVE GROUNDS OF JUDICIAL REVIEW: ILLEGALITY, IRRATIONALITY AND PROPORTIONALITY -- I. Illegality -- Excess of powers -- Unlawful delegation of powers -- Fettering of discretion -- Estoppel -- 11. Irrationality -- III. Proportionality - a new ground of review? -- Conclusion -- 15 PROCEDURAL GROUNDS OF JUDICIAL REVIEW-- I. Audi alterem partem - the right to a fair hearing -- The initial rise, dilution and fall of the audi alterem partem principle -- The re-emergence of the principle? Ridge v Baldwin 610 -- The emergence of the procedural fairness doctrine and the appearance of the legitimate expectation -- Legitimate expectation - an entitlement to a procedural benefit or substantive benefit? -- The content of procedural fairness - legal representation and an ase o obligation to give reasons for decisions -- Conclusion -- II. The rule against bias -- Direct financial interests -- Indirect financial interests - a mere suspicion or a real likelihood? -- Clarifying the law? The Gough formulae -- Ideological bias in 'judicial' decisions -- Further clarifying the law? The Porter v Magill formula -- Bias in non-judicial proceedings -- Conclusion -- 16 THE APPLICATION FOR JUDICIAL REVIEW -- The turning point? Barnard v National Dock Labour Board Tusco lo -- The Order 53 reforms 67% -- The initial Order 53 case law -- I. O'Reilly v Mackman -- Exceptions to the general principle? -- II. The post-O'Reilly case law -- he flip side of the O'Reilly coin -- A 'nature' not 'source' of power test - the Datafin, Aga Khan and Wachmann decisions -- III. Retreating from O'Reilly? The Roy case -- IV. Public law principle as a defence in criminal proceedings -- Conclusion -- 17 LOCUS STANDI -- The 'old' case law -- Declaration and injunction - a restrictive test? -- Certiorari and prohibition - an expansive test? -- Mandamus-broad or narrow test? -- II. Section 31(3) of the Supreme Court Act 1981 and the Inland -- Revenue Commissioners case -- Standing in the private law stream -- III. Post-IRC developments -- Representative standing' -- Conclusion -- 18 HUMAN RIGHTS AND CIVIL LIBERTIES 1: TRADITIONAL PERSPECTIVES -- I. Public protest and public order -- The classic dilemma - Beatty v Gillbanks -- The Public Order Act 1936 -- The Public Order Act 1986 -- II. Privacy S-- peech and communication -- Sado-masochistic sexual behaviour -- III. Freedom of speech -- Official secrecy -- The Official Secrets Act 1989 -- Blasphemy -- Contempt of court -- Political libels -- Conclusion -- 19 HUMAN RIGHTS AND CIVIL LIBERTIES II:EMERGENT PRINCIPLES -- I. The European Convention on Human Rights -- introductory principles -- Institutional and jurisdictional issues -- The jurisprudential methodology of the Convention -- II. The initial status of the ECHR in domestic law -- Political responses - why did Parliament not incorporate the ECHR? -- Legal responses - the ECHR as a source of principle at common law -- III. The impact of the ECHR on domestic law 1: privacy -- Speech and communication -- Sado-masochistic sexual behaviour -- IV. The impact of the ECHR on domestic law 2: freedom of expression -- Official secrecy -- Political libels -- Contempt of court -- Blasphemy -- Conclusion -- 20 HUMAN RIGHTS AND CIVIL LIBERTIES II: NEW SUBSTANTIVE GROUNDS OF REVIEW -- I. Judicial incorporation of the Convention -- The Convention in domestic law -- II. The (re-)emergence and consolidation of fundamental human rights as an indigenous principle of common law -- Derbyshire County Council v Times Newspapers Ltd in the House of Lords -- R v Secretary of State for the Home Department, ex p Leech -- R v Secretary of State for Social Security, ex p Joint Council for the -- Welfare of Immigrants -- III. The judicial supremacism' controversy-- Judgments of the ECJ and the ECtHR -- Judgments in domestic courts on immigration policies A-- judicial response -- Lord Mustill's analysis Conclusion -- 21 HUMAN RIGHTS AND CIVIL LIBERTIES IV: THE HUMAN RIGHTS ACT 1998 -- I. The terms of the Act -- An incorporation of fundamental rights? -- Section 3 new rules of statutory interpretation? -- Section 4 - the 'Declaration of Incompatibility -- Section 6- the reach of the Act: vertical (and horizontal?) direct effect -- A special status for churches and the press? -- Questions of procedure -- On the separation of powers -- Political entrenchment? A new 'rights' culture within government -- and Parliament -- Conclusion -- II. The initial impact of the Human Rights Act -- The approach to statutory interpretation mandated by s 3 and the use of declarations of incompatibility -- The notion of 'deference' to legislative judgment -- The horizontality of the Act -- Proportionality as a ground of review of executive action -- Conclusion -- 22 SCOTS AND WELSH DEVOLUTION -- The Scotland Act 1978 and the Wales Act 1978 -- I. The Scotland Act 1998 -- The terms of the Act -- The first Scottish Parliament and government Conclusion II. The Government of Wales Act 1998 -- Conclusion -- 23 CONCLUSION - ENTRENCHMENT OF FUNDAMENTAL LAW REVISITED -- I. Issues of legality and legitimacy -- Questions of legitimacy -- Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Index.
650	0	4	_aConstitutional law -- Great Britain
650	0	4	_aHuman rights
650	0	4	_aAdministration law
650	0	4	_aConstitutional law -- Australia
850			_aNALT
942			_cLB _2lcc
999			_c49905 _d49905
998			_j4574 _k ฐานิสา คำพันธ์